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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English language. The is the most ofttimes used give-and-take in the English linguistic communication; studies and analyses of texts have establish it to account for seven per centum of all printed English language-language words.^[i] Information technology is derived from gendered articles in One-time English which combined in Centre English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with whatsoever letter. This is different from many other languages, which take different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed past a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used as an emphatic grade.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English have an increasing trend to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^[3] ^[four]

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the proficient", not just "an" proficient in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of articles". The, as in phrases similar "the more the better", has a distinct origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to be identical to the definite article.^[v]

Article

The and that are common developments from the same Old English system. One-time English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the antecedent of the Modern English word the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the Due north Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
continents, individual islands, authoritative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" commodity (Europe, Jura, Austria (simply the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
beginning with a common substantive followed by of may take the article, every bit in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), aforementioned applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
Some place names include an commodity, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Hamlet, The Hamlet (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West End, the East End, The Hague, or the City of London (only London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
generally described atypical names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the West Country (England), take an commodity.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" but there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

derivations from collective mutual nouns such equally "kingdom", "republic", "marriage", etc.: the Central African Democracy, the Dominican Commonwealth, the U.s.a., the Uk, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including well-nigh country full names:^[8] ^[9] the Czech republic (but Czechia), the Russia (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the Israel (only State of israel) and the Democracy of Australia (simply Australia).^[x] ^[eleven] ^[12]
countries in a plural substantive: the netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
Singular derivations from "island" or "land" that hold authoritative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Isle and Norfolk Island – practise not take a "the" definite article.
derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[xiii] This usage is in decline, The Gambia remains recommended whereas utilise of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, simply this is considered incorrect and maybe offensive in mod usage.^[14] Sudan (merely the Commonwealth of the Sudan) and South Sudan (just the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the nearly frequently used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for it have been found:

Barred thorn: the earliest abridgement, information technology is used in manuscripts in the Erstwhile English language. It is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) appear in Middle English manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early on Mod manuscripts and in print (see Ye form).

Occasional proposals take been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to correspond "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was frequently abbreviated as a þ with a pocket-size eastward above it, like to the abridgement for that, which was a þ with a pocket-size t to a higher place it. During the latter Centre English language and Early Mod English language periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. As a upshot, the use of a y with an e above information technology () as an abbreviation became common. This tin can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, fifty-fifty when then written.

The discussion "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", equally in e.grand. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Correct Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

^ Norvig, Peter. "English language Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Grade in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 44.
^ "the, adv.one." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to use".
^ "FAO State Profiles". www.fao.org.
^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
^ "UNGEGN Earth Geographical Names".
^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.